Wilderness and outer space are both utopian "elsewheres" in western imaginations. They respectively signify origins and future for the creature whose mundane life is outside both : civilized man. These are the dangerous and sacred places the traveller likes to explore in order to find either the original garden from which his kind has been expelled or to escape the bounded globe into a vast anti-ecosystem. On January 31, 1961, as part of the U.S. man-in-space program, a chimpanzee was shot into suborbital flight.